Add and subtract numbers using concrete objects, pictorial representations and mentally

What this means, in plain words

Addition puts amounts together to find a total. Subtraction takes one amount away, or finds the difference between two.

Representing means showing the same maths another way, with objects, a picture or a bar model, so the structure becomes visible.

Number work here is about how our number system is built, and about knowing what a number is worth rather than just how it is spelled.