Recognise repeated addition contexts, representing them with multiplication equations and calculating the product, within the 2, 5 and 10 multiplication tables

What this means, in plain words

Algebra uses a letter to stand in for a number that is not known yet.

Times table facts are recalled from memory rather than counted out, which frees a child up to think about the problem itself.

Addition puts amounts together to find a total. Subtraction takes one amount away, or finds the difference between two.