L9 Add and Subtract Fractions using Number Sentences

Introduce Year 3 pupils to adding and subtracting fractions with the same denominator using number sentences through this engaging and practical maths lesson designed for the Spring Fractions unit. Using structured equations, visual models and reasoning activities, children develop confidence in working with fractions in a formal mathematical format. The lesson begins with a recap of prior learning on fractions with the same denominator, including how numerators and denominators behave when adding and subtracting. Pupils then progress to representing fraction calculations as number sentences, strengthening their understanding of how visual models and abstract notation are connected. Through clear teaching examples, children learn how to write and interpret number sentences involving fractions, such as simple addition and subtraction equations with common denominators. They are encouraged to link these equations to bar models, fraction strips and number lines to reinforce conceptual understanding. Pupils complete a range of activities that include writing number sentences from visual representations, solving missing number problems and converting word problems into fraction equations. Reasoning tasks encourage learners to explain each step of their thinking using accurate mathematical vocabulary and to justify their answers. The lesson also addresses common misconceptions, such as changing denominators during calculations or misinterpreting the structure of fraction number sentences. Guided questioning supports pupils in recognising patterns and developing fluency and accuracy. Ideal for whole-class teaching, intervention groups and mastery-based maths lessons, this Year 3 fractions resource offers strong opportunities for fluency, reasoning and mathematical communication. Fully aligned with the UK National Curriculum, it helps pupils confidently add and subtract fractions with the same denominator using number sentences and visual support.